01【自然配種】

　　01 [Natural Breeding]

　　公、母兔混養(yǎng)在一起，任其自由交配，稱為自然配種。自然配種的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是配種及時(shí)、方法簡(jiǎn)便、節(jié)省人力。但容易發(fā)生早配、早孕，公兔追逐母兔次數(shù)多，體力消耗過(guò)大的問(wèn)題。配種次數(shù)過(guò)多，容易造成早衰，而且容易發(fā)生近交，無(wú)法進(jìn)行選種選配，容易傳播疾病。在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，不宜采用此法配種。

　　The mixing of male and female rabbits and allowing them to mate freely is called natural mating. The advantages of natural breeding are timely breeding, simple methods, and labor-saving. But it is prone to early mating, early pregnancy, frequent pursuit of female rabbits by male rabbits, and excessive physical exertion. Excessive mating frequency can easily lead to premature aging and inbreeding, making it difficult to select and match seeds, which can easily spread diseases. In actual production, this method of breeding should not be used.

　　02【人工輔助配種】

　　02 [Artificial Assisted Breeding]

　　人工輔助配種就是將公母兔分群、分籠配種，在母兔配種時(shí)，將母兔捉入公兔籠內(nèi)配種。與自然配種相比，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行選種選配，避免近交和亂交，能合理安排公兔的配種次數(shù)，延長(zhǎng)種兔的配種年限，能有效防止疾病傳播。在目前生產(chǎn)中，宜采用這種方法配種。

　　Artificial assisted breeding is the process of dividing male and female rabbits into groups and cages for breeding. During the breeding process, the female rabbits are captured and placed in the male rabbit cage for breeding. Compared with natural breeding, the advantages are the ability to select and match breeds in a planned manner, avoiding inbreeding and promiscuity, arranging the breeding frequency of male rabbits reasonably, extending the breeding period of breeding rabbits, and effectively preventing disease transmission. In current production, it is advisable to use this method for breeding.

　　具體操作步驟如下：將經(jīng)檢查、適宜配種的母兔捉入公兔籠內(nèi)。公兔即爬胯母兔，若母兔正處發(fā)情盛期，則略逃幾步，隨即伏臥任公兔爬胯，并抬尾迎合公兔的交配。當(dāng)公兔陰莖插入母兔陰道射精時(shí)，公兔后軀卷縮，緊貼于母兔后軀上，并發(fā)出“咕咕”叫聲，隨即由母兔身上滑倒，頓足，并無(wú)意再爬，表示交配完成。此時(shí)可把母兔捉出，將其臀部提高，在后軀部用手輕輕拍擊，以防精液倒流。然后將母兔捉回原籠，做好配種記錄工作。

　　The specific steps are as follows: Capture the female rabbits that have been inspected and are suitable for breeding into the male rabbit cage. The male rabbit crawls the crotch of the female rabbit. If the female rabbit is in the peak of estrus, she should take a few steps to escape, then lie down and let the male rabbit crawl the crotch, and lift her tail to accommodate the mating of the male rabbit. When the penis of a male rabbit is inserted into the vagina of a female rabbit to ejaculate, the male rabbit's hindquarters curl up, tightly adhere to the female rabbit's hindquarters, and make a "cuckoo" sound. Then, the female rabbit slips and stops, without intending to climb again, indicating that mating is complete. At this point, the female rabbit can be caught, her buttocks raised, and lightly tapped with her hand on the hindquarters to prevent semen from flowing back. Then capture the female rabbit back to its original cage and keep a record of breeding.

　　如果母兔發(fā)情不接受交配，但又應(yīng)該配種時(shí)，可以采取強(qiáng)制輔助配種；即配種員用一手抓住母兔耳朵和頸皮固定母兔，另一只手伸向母兔腹下，舉起臀部，以食指和中指固定尾巴，露出陰門，讓公兔爬胯交配。或者用一細(xì)繩拴住母兔尾巴，沿背頸線拉向頭的前方，一手抓住細(xì)繩和兔的頸皮，另一只手從母兔腹下稍稍托起臀部固定，幫助抬尾迎接公兔交配。

　　If the female rabbit is in heat and does not accept mating, but should still be mated, forced assisted mating can be adopted; The breeder uses one hand to grab the female rabbit's ear and neck skin to fix the female rabbit, and the other hand to reach under the female rabbit's abdomen, lift the buttocks, fix the tail with the index and middle fingers, expose the vulva, and let the male rabbit crawl on the crotch for mating. Alternatively, tie the tail of the female rabbit with a thin rope and pull it towards the front of the head along the back neck line. Use one hand to grasp the rope and the rabbit's neck skin, and use the other hand to slightly lift the buttocks from under the female rabbit's belly to secure it, helping to lift the tail and welcome the male rabbit for mating.

　　03【人工授精】

　　03 [Artificial insemination]

　　兔人工授精就是不用公兔直接交配，而是人工采取公兔的精液，經(jīng)品質(zhì)檢查、稀釋后，再輸入到母兔生殖道內(nèi)，使其受胎。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于能充分利用優(yōu)良種公兔，　提高兔群質(zhì)量，迅速推廣良種，還可減少種公兔的飼養(yǎng)量，降低飼養(yǎng)成本、減少疾病傳播，克服某些繁殖障礙，如公母兔體型差異過(guò)大等，便于集約化生產(chǎn)管理。但需要有熟練的操作技術(shù)和必要的設(shè)備等。

　　Rabbit artificial insemination is the process of artificially taking the semen of a male rabbit, testing its quality, diluting it, and then feeding it into the reproductive tract of a female rabbit for conception, without directly mating with the male rabbit. Its advantages lie in fully utilizing excellent breeding male rabbits, improving the quality of rabbit populations, rapidly promoting good breeds, reducing the number of breeding male rabbits, lowering feeding costs, reducing disease transmission, overcoming certain reproductive barriers, such as large differences in body size between male and female rabbits, and facilitating intensive production management. But it requires proficient operating skills and necessary equipment.

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